{"id":13161,"date":"2016-08-05T10:53:15","date_gmt":"2016-08-05T10:53:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/?page_id=13161"},"modified":"2016-08-06T10:29:48","modified_gmt":"2016-08-06T10:29:48","slug":"the-temple-of-muktesvara-at-cauadnapura","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/hi\/the-temple-of-muktesvara-at-cauadnapura\/","title":{"rendered":"The Temple of Muktesvara &#8211; at Cauadnapura"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-\">\n<div class=\"col-sm-3 bubble\">\n<div class=\"rectangle\">\n<h2>Content<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"triangle-l\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"listabt\">\n<ul class=\"MT20\">\n<li><a href=\"\/?p=13161\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/?p=13223\">Architecture<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/?p=13703\">Decorative Motifs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/?p=14157\">Iconography<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/?p=14181\">Epigraphy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-9\">\n<h3 class=\"hdng\">The Temple of Muktesvara -Cauadnapura<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>the temple, the visitor meditates over the landscape of Narasipura on one side, Kuruvatti on the other and the gently flowing Tu\u00b4gabhadr\u00a1 in the front.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>HISTORY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"justify\">The reconstitution of the history of Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura is not an easy task because of scanty documentation. Although the surrounding region abounds in inscriptions and monuments, the establishment of historical facts gets hin-dered due to the rehabilitation of the village and recent repairs or re-arrangements made in the temple complex. There are eight inscriptions in the temple and graffitti, the latest being in 1565. \u00e1ivadevavijaya, a k\u00a1vya probably written in the 19th century or even later by a certain \u00e1ar\u00a2f Kavi, of good poetical quality, but of no historical value, and a few documents in the archives of a recent ma\u00b6ha, dealing only with the history of the ma\u00b6ha are the only sources which come in handy to the historians.<br \/>\nMuktit\u00a2rtha (line 45) is met with right from the first inscription. The second inscription states that in the year 1191 an ascetic named Muktaj\u00a2yar was at this place and was performing the p\u00a3j\u00a1 of Muktin\u00a1tha. During this time the god came to be known as Mukte\u00bfa (l. 67):<br \/>\nIn V\u00a2r\u00a1gamottara (IV.374) there is a reference to a place called Muktinilaya:<br \/>\n&#8220;O Gauri (listen), the river Tu\u00b4gabhadr\u00a1 steals away the sins of man-kind; on its bank is Muktinilaya &#8220;abode of Mukti&#8221; revered by Brahman and Vi\u00c0\u00b8u.&#8221;<br \/>\nTaking into account the epigraphical evidences, it may not be wrong to think that the \u00a1gama makes here an allusion to the temple of Mukte\u00bfvara on the bank of Tu\u00b4gabhadr\u00a1.<br \/>\nWhen Muktaj\u00a2yar left this mundane world to enjoy the pleasures of the world of \u00e1iva, a \u00e1aiva saint named \u00e1ivadeva residing at \u00e1r\u00a2parvata (\u00e1r\u00a2\u00bfailam in \u00cbndhra), under the orders of Lord \u00e1iva, entered Muktik\u00c0etra in 1225 A.D. and occupied the pontifical seat. Having led a long, pious life he was united with Mukte\u00bfvara at a date between 1265 and 1288. At the latter date a record calls the deity Siddha\u00bfivadeva, commemorating the name of the saint. As his influence grew, the place came also to be known as \u00e1ivadeva pura. From the date of 1262, in the inscriptions, the names of Muktik\u00c0etra and \u00e1ivadevapura begin to occur simultaneously.<br \/>\nIt has been told that in its earlier days Gope was the name of Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura. Whether it was &#8220;Gope&#8221; or &#8220;G\u00b0pe&#8221; is not known. &#8220;Cave, grotto&#8221; is the meaning of the former word, whereas the meaning of the latter is doubtful. The reading of the inscription No. II gives an idea that Gope was located somewhere in between the present villages of Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura and Honnatti. So it is not wrong to say that Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura is not the exact location of the ancient Gope.<br \/>\nAccording to the \u00e1ivadevavijayak\u00a1vya, the place was donated to Cau\u00b7ayya, a great devotee of \u00e1iva, by \u00e1ivadeva pleased with his devotion; hence the name Cau\u00b7ayyad\u00a1napura (dvit\u00a2ya \u00a1\u00bfv\u00a1sa verse 109 ff., p. 54). This Cau\u00b7ayya belonged to the community of boatmen (ambiga). There is no document to give historical credit to this story. Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura is the name in common use in modern times.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Today, Guttala is a small village in H\u00a1v\u00aeri t\u00a1l\u00a3k but it played an important role in the early years of 12th century. Guttas were the rulers of Guttala. The first inscription to mention Gutta and D\u00a1sa is the one which hails from the Ga\u00bdag\u00ae\u00bfvara temple at Ga\u00bdagan\u00a1th and is dated 1080 A.D. (S.I.I. XVIII, No. 88). D\u00a1sa was in the service of Cenna, a subordinate of Vikram\u00a1ditya VI. In the same inscription a stray reference to Gutta occurs in l. 52.<br \/>\nA record speaking of Guttas and the family of D\u00a1sa in more details is an undated inscription from Mukte\u00bfvara temple at Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura (No. I; S.I.I. XVIII, No. 112). While crediting the Guttas with the patronage of the temple at this place, it says that G\u00b0vindarasa was governing the region of Banav\u00a1side\u00bfa. Fleet has assigned the date of this inscription of Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura to 1115 on the basis of other epigraphical statements that G\u00b0vindarasa administering Banav\u00a1sid\u00ae\u00bfa between 1110 and 1120 when king Vikram\u00a1ditya VI adorned the C\u00a1\u00bdukya throne. Some modern historians fully agree with him. However there are other inscriptions dated right from 1101 A.D. which mention the name of the same G\u00b0vindarasa as governor of the same Banav\u00a1sid\u00ae\u00bfa, while king Vikram\u00a1ditya VI was on the throne. It is probable that the king might have created the principality of Guttava\u00bdal and put the Guttas in charge of its protection, perhaps after the events recorded in an inscription dated 1104 A.D (S.I.I. IX, pt. i No. 169).<br \/>\nThere is some confusion with regard to the origin of the Gutta family. The name appears to be a Kanna\u00b7isation of &#8220;Gupta&#8221;, because the descendants of this family say that they belong to Gupta dynasty. At the same time, in the same inscription of Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura No. 1 there is an allusion to the legendary king Vikram\u00a1ditya who ruled from Ujjayin\u00a2, who was blessed by the Goddess K\u00a1l\u00a2 and was familiar with ghosts and goblins. This confusion is due to the lapse of time and distance. Guptas were in the north and ruled from P\u00a1\u00b6aliputra from fifth to seventh centuries. The most powerful king of this dynasty was Candragupta Vikram\u00a1ditya. For their namesake, confusion was created between the legendary king Vikram\u00a1ditya devotee of God Mah\u00a1k\u00a1la and King Candragupta Vikram\u00a1ditya of Gupta dynasty.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">From an inscription dated 1124 we gather that the Gutta chieftains had control over the Be\u00b8\u00b8ev\u00a3ru 12, Be\u00bdahuge 70 and Honnavarti 12 seignories. It also confirms the fact that the Guttas were descendants of Guptas of Central India (S.I.I. XVIII, No. 124). The Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura inscription, being the first to be issued by the Guttas, there is some confusion about their descent, whereas there is no room for such doubts in the inscriptions of Hara\u00bdaha\u00bd\u00bdi and other places dated 1105 and after. This fact makes it clear that Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura inscription was issued prior to 1105 A.D.<br \/>\nM\u00a1gutta according to Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura inscription, was the founder of the family. To him was born Gutta, a &#8220;tilaka&#8221; on the forehead of the family of Guttas. Like a jewel amongst the kings, his son Mallid\u00aeva was shining like a moon on the eastern ocean. J\u00b0ma I was the younger brother of Mallid\u00aeva. Vikram\u00a1ditya I was the son of Mallid\u00aeva. J\u00b0yid\u00aeva or Jomma II and Gutta II were the two sons born to Vikram\u00a1ditya I. With his queen Padmalad\u00aevi Gutta II begot one son V\u00a2ra Vikram\u00a1ditya II and a daughter Vijayamah\u00a1d\u00aevi. Pa\u00b6\u00b6amah\u00a1d\u00aevi and S\u00b0valad\u00aevi were two queens of Vikram\u00a1ditya II. His sister Vijayamah\u00a1devi was married to Si\u00b4gid\u00aeva of S\u00a1ntali-ma\u00b8\u00b7ala or Satta\u00bdige which is identical with modern S\u00a1t\u00aenaha\u00bd\u00bdi. Vikram\u00a1ditya II had three children namely Gutta III, J\u00b0yi or Jomma III, Vikram\u00a1ditya III and a daughter called Tu\u00bduvalad\u00aevi. She was married to Ball\u00a1\u00bda son of Si\u00b4gid\u00aeva of Sa\u00c6ta\u00bdima\u00c6\u00b7ala. Vikram\u00a1ditya IV, Gutta IV, Hiriyad\u00aeva and Joyid\u00aeva IV were the four progenies of Vikram\u00a1ditya III. After Vikram\u00a1ditya V son of J\u00b0yid\u00aeva IV the name of Guttas is heard no longer. Nothing is known as to what happened to the family.<br \/>\nClose matrimonial alliances of Guttas with the vassal Ja\u00b6\u00a1 C\u00b0\u00bda family, with the chieftains of Ra\u00b6\u00b6iha\u00bd\u00bdi and S\u00a1t\u00aenaha\u00bd\u00bdi are revealed from epigraphs. S\u00b0valad\u00aevi, wife of Vikram\u00a1ditya II, was the daughter of Vijayap\u00a1\u00b8\u00b7ya of the Ra\u00b6\u00b6iha\u00bd\u00bdi royal family. La\u00bdiy\u00a1d\u00aevi, one of the princesses of Guttas was married to a Ra\u00b6\u00b6iha\u00bd\u00bdi chieftain. The influence of these happy alliances is reflected in the art and architecture of these regions. The temples at Ra\u00b6\u00b6ihalli, Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura, S\u00a1t\u00aenaha\u00bd\u00bdi and Hara\u00bdaha\u00bd\u00bdi make one unit. Probably one common architectural treatise or \u00a1gama must have been followed for the construction of these monuments.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Content History Architecture Decorative Motifs Iconography Epigraphy The Temple of Muktesvara -Cauadnapura the temple, the visitor meditates over the landscape of Narasipura on one side, Kuruvatti on the other and the gently flowing Tu\u00b4gabhadr\u00a1 in the front. HISTORY The reconstitution of the history of Cau\u00b7ad\u00a1napura is not an easy task because of scanty documentation. Although &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/hi\/the-temple-of-muktesvara-at-cauadnapura\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Temple of Muktesvara &#8211; at Cauadnapura<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50282,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13161","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50282"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13161"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13161\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ignca.gov.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}